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网檐南星(Arisaema utile Hook. f. ex Schott)是天南星科天南星属新月组的物种,发表于1860年,模式标本采自青藏高原喜马拉雅山区的锡金,在尼泊尔、不丹、克什米尔、以及中国西藏聂拉木县樟木、林芝色季拉山、定结县陈塘、吉隆县吉隆镇均有分布;喜马拉雅山脉以东的高黎贡山地区以及云南香格里拉市雪山山脉也有分布。中国植物志13(2)卷[1]和英文版23卷[2]记载国内分布区仅限于西藏和云南,四川无分布。
2020年5—6月在四川省大雪山南段九龙县湾坝乡和洪坝乡调查植物时,发现了网檐南星的分布。该种叶片为掌状三小叶、小叶边缘红色而区别于其他物种(见图1)。此次在四川发现的网檐南星分布区位于大渡河流域,和最近的属于金沙江流域的云南香格里拉分布区相距约270 km,两者之间隔着雅砻江流域。
图 1 网檐南星野外状态以及花部结构(A-B 外形;C 根系和花序;D花序内部)
Figure 1. Field habit and the floral structure of Arisaema utile Hook. f. ex Schott (A-B plant morphology; C root and inflorescence; D inside of the inflorescence).
物种分布是受气候、土壤、生态位、群落动态、发育历史和干扰情况等因素决定的[3],特别是在山体上,有时物种分布不是连续的,受到坡向、海拔等因素的制约。长距离孤岛状的物种分布对于了解物种分布历史、预测物种新分布区域有着重要的意义。
New Distribution Record and Regional Characteristics of Arisaema utile Hook. f. ex Schott in Sichuan Province
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摘要: 网檐南星(Arisaema utile Hook. f. ex Schott)是分布于青藏高原喜马拉雅山区以及云南西部高黎贡山和雪山山脉的天南星科植物,以小叶边缘红色而区别于其他种。在四川省九龙县东部大雪山南段大渡河流域的湾坝乡和洪坝乡发现有网檐南星的分布,描述了其生境的植被类型和伴生物种,并对其间断分布的原因进行了讨论。Abstract: Arisaema utile Hook. f. ex Schott belongs to Araceae and is distributed in the Himalayan ranges of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Gaoligong Mountains and Xueshan Mountains in western Yunnan province. It is distinguished from other species by the red edge of its three leaflets. This paper recorded the new distribution of Arisaema utile in Wanba and Hongba township of Jiulong county, Sichuan province, which is in the south section of Great Snow Mountains and a tributary of Dadu River. The vegetation types and companion species in its habitats were described, and the reasons for its discontinuous distribution were discussed.
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Key words:
- Arisaema utile;
- New record;
- Jiulong county;
- Discontinuous distribution
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