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MENG Q Y. Research on the correlation between Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings growth and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2022, 43(5): 73−78 doi: 10.12172/202112020002
Citation: MENG Q Y. Research on the correlation between Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings growth and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2022, 43(5): 73−78 doi: 10.12172/202112020002

Research on the Correlation between Cunninghamia lanceolata Seedlings Growth and Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Contents


doi: 10.12172/202112020002
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  • Received Date: 2021-12-02
    Available Online: 2022-07-19
  • Publish Date: 2022-10-26
  • In order to analyze the effects of different layers of soil on the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings, the container seedlings of the third generation seed orchard of C. lanceolata were taken as the research object, and different layers of soil from three C. lanceolata stands were used for pot experiment, namely, layer A (0−20 cm), layer B (20−40 cm) and layer C (40−60 cm).After one year, the growth of C. lanceolata was measured, and the correlation between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio and the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings was analyzed, The results showed that: (1) The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio of layer A soil (0−20 cm) were 19.4 g·kg−1、1.2 g·kg−1 and 15.5 respectively. The seedling growth performance of was the best, and the seedling height and ground diameter were 85.9 cm and 16.8 mm respectively. (2) The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio of layer B soil (20−40cm) were 16.7 g·kg−1, 1.1 g·kg−1 and 15.3 respectively. The seedling height and ground diameter were 75.6 cm and 14.5 mm respectively. (3) The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio in layer C soil (40−60cm) were 3.8 g·kg−1、0.5 g·kg−1 and 7.8 respectively. The growth performance of seedlings was poor, and the seedling height and ground diameter were 75.0 cm and 13.4 mm respectively. Through correlation analysis, the growth of C. lanceolata was positively correlated with organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio.
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    [2] 孟庆银,廖迎春,王福根,等. 不同种源杉木第3代种子园实生裸根苗造林生长对比分析[J]. 林业科技,2021,46(5):5−8. doi: 10.19750/j.cnki.1001-9499.2021.05.002
    [3] 孟庆银. 8 年生杉木第 2 代种子园半同胞子代测定林分析[J]. 福建林业科技,2010,39(2):1−5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2010.02.001
    [4] 张建国,盛炜彤,罗红艳,等. N、P、NP 营养对杉木苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响[J]. 林业科学,2003,39(2):21−27. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2003.02.004
    [5] 孟庆银. 土壤养分变化对不同种源杉木幼苗生长的影响[J]. 安徽林业科技,2021,47(5):55−59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0152.2021.05.007
    [6] 张雷,项文化,田大伦,等. 第2代杉木土壤有机碳、全氮对细根分布及形态特征的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(3):11−15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2009.03.006
    [7] 周学金, 罗汝英, 叶债中. 杉木连栽对土壤养分的影响 南京林业大学学报, 1991, 15(3): 44-48
    [8] 钟羡芳. 连栽杉木人工林地力衰退原因及对策[c ]. 福建省水土保持学会 2006年学术年会论文集, 200 6.
    [9] 孟庆银. 杉木不同种源耐瘠薄生长对比分析[J]. 湖北林业科技,2021,50(5):15−19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3020.2021.05.005
    [10] 廖迎春,段红浪,施星星,等. 杉木(<italic>Cunninghamialanceolate</italic>)人工林生长状况与根系生物量相关性研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2021,30(6):1121−1128.
    [11] 孟庆银. 不同种源杉木第3代种子园实生裸根苗生长状况对比分析[J]. 林业科技通讯,2021(3):80−81. doi: 10.13456/j.cnki.lykt.2020.06.08.0001
    [12] 孟庆银. 指数施肥对杉木第3代种子园实生容器苗生长影响[J]. 林业与环境科学,2019,35(5):62−67. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4427.2019.05.010
    [13] 李玲莉,李吉跃,等. 容器苗指数施肥研究综述[J]. 世界林业研究,2010,23(2):22−27. doi: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2010.02.007
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Research on the Correlation between Cunninghamia lanceolata Seedlings Growth and Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Contents

doi: 10.12172/202112020002
  • Guanzhuang State-owned Forest Farm, Shaxian 365050, China

Abstract: In order to analyze the effects of different layers of soil on the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings, the container seedlings of the third generation seed orchard of C. lanceolata were taken as the research object, and different layers of soil from three C. lanceolata stands were used for pot experiment, namely, layer A (0−20 cm), layer B (20−40 cm) and layer C (40−60 cm).After one year, the growth of C. lanceolata was measured, and the correlation between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio and the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings was analyzed, The results showed that: (1) The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio of layer A soil (0−20 cm) were 19.4 g·kg−1、1.2 g·kg−1 and 15.5 respectively. The seedling growth performance of was the best, and the seedling height and ground diameter were 85.9 cm and 16.8 mm respectively. (2) The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio of layer B soil (20−40cm) were 16.7 g·kg−1, 1.1 g·kg−1 and 15.3 respectively. The seedling height and ground diameter were 75.6 cm and 14.5 mm respectively. (3) The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio in layer C soil (40−60cm) were 3.8 g·kg−1、0.5 g·kg−1 and 7.8 respectively. The growth performance of seedlings was poor, and the seedling height and ground diameter were 75.0 cm and 13.4 mm respectively. Through correlation analysis, the growth of C. lanceolata was positively correlated with organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and C/N ratio.

  • 杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)是我国南方特有的速生、材质优良用材树种,人工栽培已有1000多年历史,广泛应用于建筑、桥梁、造船、家具制造、装饰装潢等方面[1-3]。林木的生长与土壤关系密切,不同层次土壤养分不同,其肥力特性也不同[4]。有机碳C和全氮N是表示土壤肥力状况的指标,只有适宜的C/N比,才能保证土壤微生物的活力,从而提高土壤的肥力水平[56]。随着连栽次数增多,土壤剖面A层厚度及A+B层总厚度都逐渐缩小,致使土壤养分贮量从头耕土到三耕土有机质普遍下降到原来的66.0%~70.0%[7],也由于炼山造林等一些营林抚育措施也造成了林地土壤养分的流失[8],鉴于此,采用盆栽方法对杉木第3代种子园实生轻型基质容器苗生长与不同层次土壤之间相关性研究,以期为杉木人工林精准施肥推广产业化应用提供参考。

    • 试验地设在福建省沙县官庄国有林场罗溪管护站(117°45'E、26°32'N),属亚热带海洋性季风气候,温暖湿润,雨量充沛,四季分明,年均降水量 1 747 mm,年均气温19. 8℃,1 月最低月平均气温4.9℃,7月最高月平均气温35.3℃,年均相对湿度 81. 1%。极端最低气温−7.1℃,极端最高气温40.1℃,年无霜期300 d[9]

    • 试验苗为福建省沙县官庄国有林场杉木第3代种子园实生轻型基质容器苗,2021年1月选取长势均匀良好的杉木容器苗移栽于美植袋中,美植袋规格 25 cm×25 cm (直径×高),每盆种1株,每种土壤种植100株,共计300株。2021年12月对3个不同层次土壤容器苗测量苗高和地径。供试土壤来自杉木林分中的3个表层土壤,即A层:0~20 cm、B层:20~40 cm和C层:40~60 cm土壤。

    • (1)土壤有机碳C、全N测定

      土壤有机碳C、全N测定:利用杜马斯高温燃烧法进行测定。将土壤样品烘干磨细并通过100目筛后,利用元素分析仪( VarioMicrocube;Elementar,Hanau,Germany)测定土壤有机碳C和全N,并计算土壤 C:N比[10]

      (2)生长指标测定

      2021年12月对不同层次土壤培育的杉木轻型基质容器苗每株测定苗高和地径,地径用游标卡尺测量,如测量的部位出现膨大或干形不圆,则测量其上部苗干起始正常处,量取地径时,应使游标卡尺的两个脚尽量少挤压苗木,还要保持相同力度;苗高有钢卷尺或直尺测量,自地径沿苗干量至顶芽基部,并计算出苗木高径比[11]

    • 采用SPSS 19.0 统计软件进行单因素方差分析和相关性分析,检验相关指标的差异显著性[12]

    2.   结果与分析
    • 表1可知,不同层次土壤有机碳C、全N含量最高的是A层土壤,含量分别为19.4 g·kg−1和1.2 g·kg−1,其次是B层土壤,含量分别为16.7 g·kg−1和1.1 g·kg−1,C层土壤含量最少,含量分别为3.8 g·kg−1和0.5 g·kg−1,A层土壤与B层土壤和C层土壤有机碳C、全N含量减少幅度分别为13.9%、80.4%和8.3%、58.3%。3个不同层次土壤C/N比大小顺序为A层土壤>B层土壤>C层土壤。

      土壤养分
      Soil nutrient
      有机碳C/(g·kg−1
      Soil organic carbon content /g·kg−1
      全氮N/(g·kg−1
      Total nitrogen content /g·kg−1
      C/N比
      C/N ratio
      A层(0~20 cm)
      Layer A (0~20 cm)
      19.4±2.1a1.2±0.1a15.5±0.8a
      B层(20~40 cm)
      Layer B (20~40 cm)
      16.7±0.9b1.1±0.1b15.3±0.6a
      C层(40~60 cm)
      Layer C (40~60 cm)
      3.8±0.3c0.5±0.1c7.8±1.1b
      注:同列不同小写字母表示处理之间差异性极显著, P<0.05。
      Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column show significant differences (P< 0.05)

      Table 1.  Contents of soil organic carbon C and total N in different layers of soil

      3个不同层次土壤有机碳C、全N和C/N比方差分析结果见表2,不同层次土壤之间有机碳C、全N和C/N比存在极显著差异,为研究不同层次土壤之间有机碳C、全N和C/N比差异性,对不同层次土壤有机碳C、全N和C/N比进一步开展LSD多重比较,结果见表3~5,A层土壤(x1)、B层土壤(x2)和C层土壤(x3)。由表3可知,A层土壤、B层土壤与C层土壤有机碳C之间差异显著;由表4可知,A层土壤与B层土壤全N之间差异不显著,A层土壤、B层土壤与C层土壤全N之间差异显著;由表5可知,A层土壤与B层土壤C/N比之间差异不显著、A层土壤、B层土壤与C层土壤C/N比之间差异显著。

      性状
      Characteristics
      变差来源
      Source of variation
      离差平方和
      Sum of squares of deviations
      自由度
      Freedom
      均方
      Mean square
      显著性
      Significance
      有机碳C
      Soil organic carbon
      重复 Repetition415.1622207.581117.1300.000
      土壤 Soil10.63361.772
      全N
      Total nitrogen
      重复 Repetition0.88720.44349.8750.000
      土壤 Soil0.05360.009
      C/N比
      C/N ratio
      重复 Repetition116.596258.29873.2790.000
      土壤Soil4.77360.796

      Table 2.  Variance analysis of soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen contents at different layers

      性状
      Characteristics
      处理
      Treatment
      均值/(g·kg−1
      Average value
      |xi−x2||xi−x3|
      有机碳C
      Soil organic carbon
      A层(0~20 cm)
      Layer A (0~20 cm)
      19.42.7*15.6*
      AB层(20~40 cm)
      Layer B (20~40 cm)
      16.712.9*
      C层(40~60 cm)
      Layer C (40~60 cm)
      3.8
      *表示0.05水平上差异显著。
      * indicates a significant difference at the level of 0.05.

      Table 3.  Multiple comparison of soil organic carbon at different layers

      性状
      Characteristics
      处理
      Treatment
      均值/(g·kg−1
      Mean value / g·kg−1
      |x−x2||x−x3|
      C/N比
      C/N ratio
      A层(0−20 cm)
      Layer A (0−20 cm)
      15.50.27.7*
      B层(20−40 cm)
      Layer B (20−40 cm)
      15.37.5*
      C层(40−60 cm)
      Layer C (40−60 cm)
      7.8
      *表示0.05水平上差异显著。
      * indicates a significant difference at the level of 0.05

      Table 5.  Multiple comparison of soil C/N in different layers of soil

      性状
      Characteristics
      处理
      Treatment
      均值/(g·kg−1
      Mean value / g·kg−1
      |xi−x2||xi−x3|
      全N
      Total N content
      A层(0−20 cm)
      Layer A (0−20 cm)
      1.20.20.7*
      B层(20−40 cm)
      Layer B (20−40 cm)
      1.10.6*
      C层(40−60 cm)
      Layer C (40−60 cm)
      0.5
      *表示0.05水平上差异显著。
      * indicates a significant difference at the level of 0.05

      Table 4.  Multiple comparison of total N in different layers of soil

    • 表6可知,杉木轻型基质容器苗在不同层次土壤中盆栽1年时,3个不同层次土壤幼苗高、地径生长量最大的是A层土壤,其苗高、地径均值分别为85.9 cm、16.8 mm,其次是B层土壤,其苗高、地径均值分别为75.6 cm、14.5 mm,苗高、地径生长量最小的是C层土壤,其苗高、地径均值为75.0 cm、13.4 mm;3个不同层次土壤高径比值最大的是C层土壤,其高径比均值为55.8,表现苗木纤细,高径比值最小的是A层土壤,其高径比均值为51.5,3个不同层次土壤高径比大小顺序为C层土壤>B层土壤>A层土壤;就变异系数而言,A层土壤苗高变异系数最小为3.8%,说明A层土壤苗木单株间高度生长较整齐,C层土壤地径和高径比变异系数最小为3.0%和7.9%,说明C层土壤苗木单株间粗度生长和整体性较整齐,3个不同层次土壤苗高变异系数大小顺序为B层土壤>C层土壤>A层土壤,3个不同层次土壤地径变异系数大小顺序为A层土壤>B层土壤>C层土壤,3个不同层次土壤高径比变异系数大小顺序为B层土壤>A层土壤>C层土壤。

      立地土壤
      Source of soil
      苗高 Seedling height地径 Ground diameter高径比 Height to diameter ratio
      均值/cm
      mean value /cm
      标准差
      Standard deviation
      变异系数/%
      Coefficient of variance
      均值/mm
      mean value /mm
      标准差
      Standard deviation
      变异系数/%
      Coefficient of variance
      均值
      mean value
      标准差
      Standard deviation
      变异系数/%
      Coefficient of variance
      A层
      Layer A
      85.93.33.816.81.27.151.54.18.0
      B层
      Layer B
      75.67.39.714.50.53.452.36.813.0
      C层
      Layer C
      75.05.77.613.40.43.055.84.47.9

      Table 6.  Growth status of Chinese fir seedlings in light substrate container in different layers of soil

      3个不同层次土壤杉木轻型基质容器幼苗高、地径和高径比方差分析结果见表7,不同层次土壤之间幼苗高和高径比之间差异不显著,地径生长存在极显著差异,为研究不同层次土壤之间地径生长差异性,对不同层次土壤地径生长进一步开展LSD多重比较,结果见表8,A层土壤(x1)、B层土壤(x2)和C层土壤(x3)。地径生长最优的是A层土壤均值为16.8 mm,其次为B层土壤均值为14.5 mm、C层土壤均值为13.4 mm,其中A层土壤与B层土壤和C层土壤地径均值之间差异显著(P<0.05),B层土壤与C层土壤地径均值之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。

      性状
      Characteristics
      变差来源
      Source of variation
      离差平方和
      Sum of squares of deviations
      自由度
      Freedom
      均方
      Mean square
      显著性
      Significance
      苗高
      Seedling height
      重复Repetition226.0292113.0143.4880.099
      土壤Soil194.433632.406
      地径
      Ground diameter
      重复 Repetition17.38728.69315.2810.004
      土壤Soil3.41360.569
      高径比
      Height to diameter ratio
      重复 Repetition32.247216.1230.5890.584
      土壤 Soil164.333627.389

      Table 7.  Variance analysis of Chinese fir seedling growth in light substrate container in different layers of soil

      性状
      Characteristics
      处理
      Treatment
      均值/cm
      Mean value /cm
      |xix2||xix3|
      地径
      Ground diameter
      A16.82.3*3.3*
      B14.51.1
      C13.4
      *表示0.05水平上差异显著。
      * means that the difference is significant at the level of 0.05.

      Table 8.  Multiple comparison of ground diameter of Chinese fir seedlings in light substrate container IN different layers of soil

      综合以上分析,A层土壤杉木轻型基质容器苗生长最高,地径最粗,其次为B层土壤杉木轻型基质容器苗,均优于C层土壤。

    • 表9可知,苗高与地径、高径比、有机碳C、全N和C/N比均呈正相关;地径与有机碳C、全N均呈显著正相关,与C/N比呈正相关,与高径比呈负相关;高径比与有机碳C、全N和C/N比均呈负相关;有机碳C与全N、C/N比呈极显著正相关;全N与C/N比呈极显著正相关。

      性状
      Characteristics
      苗高
      Seedling height
      地径
      Ground diameter
      高径比
      Height to diameter ratio
      有机碳C
      Organic carbon
      全氮N
      Total N
      C/N比
      C/N ratio
      苗高 Seedling height1
      地径 Ground diameter0.5711
      高径比 Height to diameter ratio0.359−0.5581
      有机碳C Organic carbon0.4500.733*−0.4091
      全氮N Total N0.4220.767*−0.4800.983**1
      C/N比 C/N ratio0.4500.659−0.3160.967**0.910**1
      * 表示显著水平为0.05,即P<0.05;** 表示显著水平为0.01,即P<0.01
      * indicates that the significant level is 0.05, that is P < 0.05; ** indicates that the significant level is 0.01, that is P < 0.01

      Table 9.  Correlation analysis of various characteristics index of Chinese fir seedlings in light substrate container

    3.   讨论与结论
    • 试验用的3个不同层次土壤有机碳C和全氮N含量明显不同,随着土壤深度的增加而减少,A层土壤中有机碳C、全N和C/N比分别为19.4 g·kg−1、1.2 g·kg−1和15.5;B层土壤中有机碳C、全N和C/N比分别为16.7 g·kg−1、1.1 g·kg−1和15.3;C层土壤中有机碳C、全N和C/N比 分别为3.8 g·kg−1、0.5 g·kg−1和7.8。方差分析结果表明,不同层次土壤之间有机碳C、全N和C/N比存在显著差异(P<0.05)。进一步的LSD多重比较结果表明,A层土壤、B层土壤与C层土壤中有机碳C、全N和C/N比之间差异极显著(P<0.01),A层土壤与B层土壤中全N、C/N比之间差异不显著(P>0.05),A层土壤与B层土壤中有机碳C差异显著(P<0.05)。

      苗高和地径是评价幼苗生长两个最重要指标,地径生长与幼苗根系生长关系紧密,研究发现,地径与林木生长量成正比[13],高径比是指苗高与地径之比,高径比越小表明林木生长健壮[14]杉木轻型基质容器苗在不同层次土壤中盆栽1年时,A层土壤中幼苗全高、地径和高径比分别为85.9 cm、16.8 mm和51.5,B层土壤中幼苗全高、地径和高径比分别为75.6 cm、14.5 mm和52.3,C层土壤中幼苗全高、地径和高径比分别为75.0 cm、13.4 mm和55.8。就变异系数而言,A层土壤幼苗高变异系数最小为3.8%,说明A层土壤苗木单株间高度生长较整齐,C层土壤地径和高径比变异系数最小为3.0%和7.9%,说明C层土壤苗木单株间粗度生长和整体性较整齐,方差分析结果表明,不同层次土壤之间苗高和高径比之间差异不显著,地径生长量存在显著差异(P<0.05),进一步的LSD多重比较结果表明,A层土壤与B层土壤、C层土壤地径均值之间差异显著(P<0.05),B层土壤与C层土壤地径均值之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。

      杉木轻型基质容器苗与土壤有机碳C、全N相关性表明,杉木生长与有机碳C和全氮N均呈正相关,其中地径生长与有机碳C和全氮N均呈显著正相关,说明了有机碳C和全氮N对杉木生长有促进作用,特别是对地径生长有显著促进作用,有机碳C和全氮N之间呈极显著正相关,说明了土壤养分之间有明显的增效作用[15]

      采用盆栽方法可以避免林地坡向坡位及抚育的影响,较精准地反映出杉木轻型基质容器苗在不同土壤养分中生长状况。由于杉木生长是个长期复杂的过程,施肥可以提高土壤肥力,促进林分生长[16],在杉木人工林施肥上,不仅要充分掌握杉木不同生长阶段对于不同营养元素的需求规律,还要掌握林地土壤本身的供肥能力,确保杉木生长过程中各种营养的供需均衡,应考虑除补充 N、P、K大量元素肥外,还应考虑补充微量元素肥和有机生物菌肥等。

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